Cloud image metadata

Overview

When Juju creates a controller it needs two critical pieces of information:

The UUID of the image to use when spawning a new machine (instance).
The URL from which to download the correct Juju agent.

This "metadata" is stored in a JSON format called Simplestreams. It is built-in for most clouds Juju is aware of but needs to be configured if you're setting up your own cloud.

There are a few ways to do this based on the design of the OpenStack cloud and your level of permissions with Juju and the OpenStack deployment:

If you are a general user start with Create image metadata with Juju.
If you have admin or operator permissions in the OpenStack deployment, start with Create image metadata with Juju and continue with Upload the Simplestreams Metadata to an object store.
If the OpenStack deployment was done with Juju and you have permissions to deploy charms alongside the OpenStack charms then use the glance-simplestreams-sync charm.

Create image metadata with Juju

Requirements

Ubuntu images previously uploaded to Glance.
python-openstackclient

Generating the metadata

To begin, create a directory to hold the generated metadata:

mkdir -p ~/simplestreams/images

Now, if necessary, source the nova.rc file for your cloud:

. ~/nova.rc

We can now determine the region name for the cloud by running:

openstack endpoint list

The output from the above command will be similar to the following:

+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+
| ID                               | Region    | Service Name | Service Type |
+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+
| 3cd5449e46c2427985c2ee4810241066 | RegionOne | nova         | compute      |
| 893e4cb67060462d9f2049f0be709587 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     |
| 14c35ba5b03d44f48724ff53b4762136 | RegionOne | neutron      | network      |
| b3808463bcdd488a800c6025cb8b7bcc | RegionOne | glance       | image        |
| d16a01e7abca4b0c9124c3f13beec5af | RegionOne | swift        | object-store |
+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+

Make a note of the region name (RegionOne in the above example). This will be required in a later step.

Next, enter the following command to determine the Image ID of the cloud image in glance:

openstack image list -f value

The following example output shows two images listed, Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial) and Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty).

e9df831d-9632-4e06-bd21-d047e4c5ef4e xenial active
6911e505-3610-4f42-b339-994cfe373174 trusty active

Take a note of the image IDs for the images you want added to Simplestreams. These will be used in the next step.

Note: If you have images for multiple different series of Ubuntu, make sure you keep track of which series name matches which image ID. The value $IMAGE_ID, used below, will apply to the image ID of the image for the particular series you are specifying and $OS_SERIES will be the series name ("trusty", "xenial", etc.).

We can now use Juju to generate the metadata:

juju metadata generate-image -d ~/simplestreams -i $IMAGE_ID -s $OS_SERIES -r $REGION -u http://$KEYSTONE_IP:5000/v2.0/

Replace these values with your own in the above command:

$IMAGE_ID - The image ID we are creating metadata for.
$OS_SERIES - The appropriate series this image relates to (e.g. Xenial).
$REGION - The region name of the cloud.
$KEYSTONE_IP - The address of the cloud's keystone server.

Note: You can also specify, via the --stream option, an image stream (see Image streams) that is not 'released' (i.e. 'daily'). However, doing so will require you to specify this stream explicitly when using this metadata to create any subsequent controllers.

If you have images for multiple series of Ubuntu, run this command again for each series substituting $OS_SERIES with the series name and $IMAGE_ID with the image ID that matches that series.

To verify that the correct metadata files have been generated, you may run:

ls ~/simplestreams/*/streams/*

You should see .json files containing the details we just added on the images.

Use of a local directory for image metadata

Stop here and return to the bootstrap instructions.

Upload the image metadata to an object store

Note: Only those with admin privileges or who are operators in the OpenStack environment will be able to create a service and view endpoints used by the following instructions.

These instructions use Swift, however other object stores may be used as well.

Requirements

image metadata has been created with Juju.
python-openstackclient
python-swiftclient

Create a Swift container and upload image metatdata

Enter the following command to create a new container for the Simplestreams metadata:

openstack container create simplestreams

You can verify the container has been created by running:

openstack container list

Enter the following command to view the status of the container:

openstack container show simplestreams

Output will look similar to the following:

+--------------+---------------+
| Field        | Value         |
+--------------+---------------+
| account      | v1            |
| bytes_used   | 0             |
| container    | simplestreams |
| object_count | 0             |
+--------------+---------------+

Notice the objects_count line. You should see that the container does not contain any objects.

To upload the Simplestreams metadata to the container, enter the following:

cd ~/simplestreams
swift upload simplestreams *

The output to the previous command will list the json files imported into Swift. Now check the status of the container:

swift stat simplestreams

This will produce output similar to the following:

                      Account: v1
                    Container: simplestreams
                      Objects: 3
                        Bytes: 14261
                     Read ACL:
                    Write ACL:
                      Sync To:
                     Sync Key:
                Accept-Ranges: bytes
             X-Storage-Policy: default-placement
X-Container-Bytes-Used-Actual: 20480
                  X-Timestamp: 1484915544.60265
                   X-Trans-Id: tx00000000000000000000b-0058820665-1084-default
                 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Notice the Objects: line is showing multiple objects after uploading the Simplestreams metadata.

Currently, there are no values for Read or Write ACLs, making this essentially a private container. Enter the following command to add a Read ACL that will make the container publicly accessible:

swift post simplestreams --read-acl .r:*

If you run the swift stat simplestreams command again, you will now see .r:* adjacent to the 'Read ACL' field.

Create a Simplestream service

Enter the following command to create a new service in the Keystone service catalog for Simplestreams:

openstack service create --name product-stream --description "Product Simple Stream" product-streams

Next, enter the following command to determine the URL in Swift for the Simplestreams objects:

openstack endpoint show object-store

The output from the previous command will be similar to the following:

+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| adminurl     | http://10.9.21.62:80/swift       |
| enabled      | True                             |
| id           | d16a01e7abca4b0c9124c3f13beec5af |
| internalurl  | http://10.9.21.62:80/swift/v1    |
| publicurl    | http://10.9.21.62:80/swift/v1    |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | d4dff1dd2e4540f18714703379ea5015 |
| service_name | swift                            |
| service_type | object-store                     |
+--------------+----------------------------------+

There are two URLs for the Object Store is listed. We will refer to the publicurl field above as $SWIFT_PUBLIC_URL in the following commands and the internalurl field as $SWIFT_INTERNAL_URL.

Note: You can verify the url before bootstrap with wget $SWIFT_PUBLIC_URL/simplestreams/images/streams/v1/index.json

Enter the following command to register the endpoint with the Simplestreams service, when using Identity v3:

openstack endpoint create --region $REGION product-streams public $SWIFT_URL/simplestreams/images
openstack endpoint create --region $REGION product-streams internal $SWIFT_URL/simplestreams/images

Using Identity v2:

openstack endpoint create --region $REGION \
   --publicurl $SWIFT_PUBLIC_URL/simplestreams/images \
   --internalurl $SWIFT_INTERNAL_URL/simplestreams/images product-streams

Note: Juju will automatically look for a product-streams service during bootstrap to use for image streams.

Using the Glance Simplestreams Sync charm to configure image streams.

The Glance Simplestreams Sync charm will do all of the above work for you and provide customizeable syncing for automatic image updates.

Requirements

OpenStack deployment by Juju

Note: You must have permissions to deploy charms in the Juju model running OpenStack to utilize this method for image metatdata management.

Deploying the Glance simplestreams charm to your OpenStack Cloud

Glance Simplestreams Sync

It is recommended to set the charm's configuration variable use_swift to true as Juju will automatically look for a product-streams service during bootstrap to use for image streams.

Note: As of 6 June 2017, keystone v3 is not supported with this charm. Check bug 1611987 for resolution.

Note: An image stream will need to be explicitly stated, via the 'image-stream' model config option, if a non-default image stream was chosen during the metadata-creation step above.

See Creating a controller for details on creating a controller.